OUTCOME AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG PATIENTS WITH BURN INJURIES ADMITTED TO HIWOTFANA COMPREHENSIVE SPECIALIZED HOSPITAL, EASTERN ETHIOPIA

Abstract

Background: Burn is one of the critical health problems worldwide. Asian and sub-Saharan communities in developing nations are more impacted. The risk of death and non-fatal consequences is contingent upon multiple factors, such as age, gender, place of residence, kind of burn, severity of burn, length of treatment, and degree of fire and burn prevention. Most previous surveys did not focus on characteristics associated with the outcomes of burn injuries. Therefore the purpose of this study was to assess the outcome of burn injury and associated factors among all burn patients admitted to HFCSH. Method: A crossectional study design using retrospective document review was used to assess the outcome of burn injury and associated factors in HFCSH. . All burn patients admitted to HFCSH patient’s chart from 2019 to 2023 were reviewed. Data was collected from November 15 to December 15, 2023. Using a structured checklist the data were extracted from burn patients’ medical records. Data were entered by using KoboCollect and analyzed using SPSS version 26. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were conducted; the result was presented in text, graphs and tables. Odd ratio for the strength and directions of association were used with 95% confidence interval and P-value of <0.05, was considered to declare statistical significance.. Result: Children (<15 years) are the most affected groups accounting for 51.5%, followed by 46.3% in the age range of 15-60 years, and only 2.2% were over 60 years old. The odds of unfavorable outcomes among male individuals were 4 times higher among female, (AOR: 4, 95% CI: 1.7 – 9.9, P<0.002. The odds of unfavorable outcome was 20 times higher those with total body surface area TBSA burns (>30%) burn among burn injury patients who had TBSA burns (>30%) compared to those with smaller TBSA burns (<10%), (AOR: 20, 95% CI: 4.4 - 92, p=0.000). The odds of unfavorable outcome was 4 times higher among late presentation burn patients compared to those who arrived at the hospital early (within first 24 hour) (COR: 3.7, 95% CI: 1.1 – 12.9, p=0.038. Conclusion: The leading causes of burn injuries were flame, followed by scald and electrical sources. Deep partial thickness burns were the most prevalent, and larger total body surface area (TBSA) burns were associated with unfavorable outcomes, male gender was a risk factor for unfavorable outcome. Late presentation was also a risk factor for unfavorable outcome.