Abstract:
The impact of seasonal rainfall variability is the major factor affecting livelihoods. Therefore, this
study aimed to characterize the seasonal climate variability and find its impact on the livelihoods
and adaptation in the study area. The daily climate data of rainfall, Tmax and Tmin were obtained
from EMI. The study period is also from 1988-2023. Quantitative and qualitative data were
obtained from personal interview, FGD and KII from the study area. The onset and cessation of
seasonal rainfall were analyzed by Instat V.3.6 and the trend of rainfall and temperature were
analyzed by using the Mann-kendal trend by R-program V.4.1.1 and the correlation and multiple
linear regression between rainfall and SST anomaly were analyzed by using SPSS V.27.1. Finally,
response from livelihoods adaptation were analyzed using SPSS V.27.1. and STATA -MP-V17.0.
The result revealed that, the CV of the seasonal and annual rainfall were highly variable. The
trend of seasonal rainfall insignificantly deceasing and temperature became significantly
increasing with p-value less than 0.05. ENSO phase has great impact on rainfall variability.
