INTER-ETHNIC CONFLICT AND COOPERATION IN EASTERN ETHIOPIA: THE CASE OF JARSO AND ISSA

Abstract

Inter-ethnic conflict occurs between two conscious groups that are the main causes behind it, and it can be violent, conflictual, and destructive. The main objective of this study was to investigate the nature of Jarso and Issa inter-ethnic conflict and cooperation in Eastern Ethiopia. To achieve this objective, the study employed a qualitative research approach and a case study design. The study used primary and secondary sources. The primary data was collected through key informants, in-depth interviews, and FGD. To select key informants, in depth interviews, and FGD discussants, non-probability sampling, particularly quota and purposive sampling techniques, were employed. The thematic analysis technique was applied to the analyzed data. The findings of the study show that before 1991, Jarso-Issa inter-ethnic conflict was rare and individual issues were easily resolved through recognized local leaders. However, the new system brought about after 1991 has remained mired in the formation and implementation of borders between Jarso-Issa ethnic groups. Conflict has erupted along the common border between those two groups since early September 2017, and the politicization of ethnicity on both sides has widened the ethnic separation between the two communities. The other main cause of conflict was resource competition, and territorial expansion has the potential to exacerbate already high local tensions. In addition, the local authority undermined the role of community leaders in conflict resolution. The actors involved in the conflict existed. Moreover, the study revealed the consequences of the conflict as socio economic, political, physical, and psychological. To manage and resolve the conflict and develop inter-ethnic cooperation, Damina and Ogaz, as well as elders, played an important role. Currently, Jarso-Issa inter-ethnic cooperation is on the way to a peaceful situation. Finally, the thesis suggests that the political structure and resources of the state has to be restructured in accordance with realities on the ground, the government empower indigenous institutions in Damina and Ogaz, provide mutual projects, build common socioeconomic infrastructure that serves both ethnics, and establish inter-regional policies or militias along the border to foster harmonious cooperation in the study area.