Abstract:
Background: Acute Kidney Injury is a highly prevalent condition among critically ill patients
admitted to Intensive Care Units globally, significantly contributing to high morbidity and
mortality. The significant gap is that there is no prior study establishing the incidence, risk
factors, and outcomes of Acute Kidney Injury among Intensive care Unit patients at Hiwot
Fana Comprehensive Specialized Hospital. Furthermore, the lack of early diagnostic capacity
and limited local data hinder timely intervention and effective management of Acute Kidney
Injury in this high-risk population.
Objective: To Assess the prevalence of acute kidney injury and associated factors among adult
patients admitted to the intensive care unit at Hiwot Fana Comprehensive Specialized Hospital,
Eastern Ethiopia, from October 01-30, 2025.
Methods: An institutional-based retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at Hiwot
Fana Comprehensive Specialized Hospital from September 02, 2024, to September 28, 2025.
A sample size of 229 participants was determined using a single population proportion formula.
Simple random sampling was employed, and data were collected using a structured data
collection tool. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics, bivariable, and multivariable
binary logistic regression.
Results: The magnitude of acute kidney injury among adult intensive care unit patients was
33.62% (95% CI: 27.65%–39.79%). Factors significantly associated with acute kidney injury
included complications during ICU stay (AOR = 3.57, 95% CI: 1.60–8.00), assisted ventilation
(AOR = 4.19, 95% CI: 1.19–14.68), and leukocytosis (AOR = 5.72, 95% CI: 2.45–13.37).
Mortality (AOR = 3.09, 95% CI: 1.29–7.43) was also higher among patients with acute kidney
injury.
Conclusion: Approximately one-third of intensive care unit patients developed acute kidney
injury. acute kidney injury was significantly associated with intensive care unit complications,
assisted ventilation, leukocytosis, and higher mortality. These findings highlight the
multifactorial nature of acute kidney injury in critically ill patients and underscore the
importance of early risk identification, vigilant monitoring, and proactive supportive care to
improve patient outcomes.
