PREVALENCE OF ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG ADULT PATIENTS ADMITTED TO THE INTENSIVE CARE UNIT AT HIWOT FANA COMPREHENSIVE SPECIALIZED HOSPITAL, EASTERN ETHIOPIA

Abstract

Background: Acute Kidney Injury is a highly prevalent condition among critically ill patients admitted to Intensive Care Units globally, significantly contributing to high morbidity and mortality. The significant gap is that there is no prior study establishing the incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of Acute Kidney Injury among Intensive care Unit patients at Hiwot Fana Comprehensive Specialized Hospital. Furthermore, the lack of early diagnostic capacity and limited local data hinder timely intervention and effective management of Acute Kidney Injury in this high-risk population. Objective: To Assess the prevalence of acute kidney injury and associated factors among adult patients admitted to the intensive care unit at Hiwot Fana Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Eastern Ethiopia, from October 01-30, 2025. Methods: An institutional-based retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at Hiwot Fana Comprehensive Specialized Hospital from September 02, 2024, to September 28, 2025. A sample size of 229 participants was determined using a single population proportion formula. Simple random sampling was employed, and data were collected using a structured data collection tool. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics, bivariable, and multivariable binary logistic regression. Results: The magnitude of acute kidney injury among adult intensive care unit patients was 33.62% (95% CI: 27.65%–39.79%). Factors significantly associated with acute kidney injury included complications during ICU stay (AOR = 3.57, 95% CI: 1.60–8.00), assisted ventilation (AOR = 4.19, 95% CI: 1.19–14.68), and leukocytosis (AOR = 5.72, 95% CI: 2.45–13.37). Mortality (AOR = 3.09, 95% CI: 1.29–7.43) was also higher among patients with acute kidney injury. Conclusion: Approximately one-third of intensive care unit patients developed acute kidney injury. acute kidney injury was significantly associated with intensive care unit complications, assisted ventilation, leukocytosis, and higher mortality. These findings highlight the multifactorial nature of acute kidney injury in critically ill patients and underscore the importance of early risk identification, vigilant monitoring, and proactive supportive care to improve patient outcomes.