Abstract:
Microorganisms in milk originate from the interior of teats, the farm environment and
surfaces of the milking equipment. Food borne diseases are common in developing
countries, including Ethiopia. Antimicrobial resistance is a major and increasing global
healthcare problem. This Cross sectional study was conducted, to assess hygienic practice
in farms and public awareness, estimate the prevalence of E.coli and S. aureus in raw
milk, to obtain S. aureus and coliform lode in milk, to determine the antibiotic
susceptibility patterns from December 2018 to February 2019. A total of 53 farm manager
and 100 milk consumers were interviewed and 379 milk samples 60 bulk milk and 53
swabs from different sources were collected for laboratory analysis to assess prevalence
and bacterial load by using standard microbiological techniques. The antibiotic
susceptibility profiles of the E. coli and S. aureus were also investigated. S.aureus and
coliform contaminations in milk were evaluated based on risk factors. STATA version 14
was use for data analysis. 56.6% of farms practiced poor milking hygiene, 28.3%
satisfactory and only 15% practiced good milking hygiene. Workers educational status
has significant value (p=<0.05) in relation to milking hygiene. Prevalence of E. coli 27%
(CI= 22.26-31.40), Prevalence of S.aureus 75.73% (CI= 71.09-79.96) were obtained in
raw milk. Whereas 69.2% S.aureus in hand swab and 100% E.coli in floor swab positive.
Age, parity, separated use of milkers & cleaner & use of the same towel were significant
difference (p=<0.05) in effect on the prevalence of E.coli. S. aureus lod in plastic
container milk (5.7070 log10 cfu/ml) and metal container (6.0533 log10 cfu/ml), and
coliform count in foremilk discarded source (5.27 log10 cfu/ml) and foremilk did not
discarded source (5.7105 log10 cfu/ml) reveled. E. coli, were highly susceptible to
Gentamicin (91.6%), but resistance to Penicillin-G (88.6%) while S.aureus were highly
susceptible to Gentamicin (94.7%) but resistance to Polymyxins (96.2). 74% respondent
have idea on hygienic practice in farm and 53% have idea on milk born disease due to
raw milk consumption but, still 66% consumed raw milk and only 26% have idea on
disease transmission from human to animal. Therefore at study area farm hygiene was
unsanitary milk produced was low quality, most of antibiotics were resistance and
consumers have low idea on milk consumption way and handling, training, supplely
facility & materials, rational use of both vet. & medical drugs, E.coli serotypes
surveillance of serotype char, good personal hygiene, CMT test in farm and udder fresh
milk bacterial count should be performed.
