GOAT MEAT HANDLING AND SUPPLY PRACTICE WITH STAPHYLOCCOCUS AURUES ISOLATION AND ANTIBACTERIAL SUSCEPTABILITY TEST FROM SLAUGHTERSLAB TO RETAILERS SHOP AT HARAMAYA TOWN AND HARAR CITY, EASTERN, ETHIOPIA

Abstract

Food safety is one of the leading issues for the agricultural industry both livestock health and the producers where bacteriological safety is the one. A cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2017-April 2019 to assess meat handling practice, community awareness on goat meat hygiene and prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus at Haramaya district and Harar town. Meat handling practice and community awareness on the hygiene were assessed using pre tested questioner. In addition, questionnaire survey was conducted to assess the hygienic practice during working time and possible risk factors regarding the contamination of meat at study location. All possible good hygienic practices during slaughtering and handling of meat and the working facility was emphasized in questioner. At abattoirs and retail shops, the carcasses and equipment were swab sampled. Samples were tested for Staphylococcus aureus. The isolates were tested against nine (9) antimicrobial agents using the disc diffusion method. A total of 326 carcasses swabs samples which comprised of 206 from the abattoirs and 120 at retail shops/butcher were aseptically sampled. Similarly, swab samples were collected from the working environmental both at abattoirs and retail shops randomly during sampling occasion. All samples was transported to College of Veterinary Medicine Microbiology Laboratory for immediate examination process for Staphylococcus aureus using bacteriological techniques. Of the total of 110, 36(65.5%) and 41(74.5%) was trained on hygienic practices in Haramaya and Harar city respectively. Additionally, 13(23.6%) and 26(47.3%) of retailer shop of Haramaya and Harar had a refrigerator for meat preservation, respectively. In the same manner among respondents interviewed on their attitude and practice of hygienic handling and consumption habit 39(70.9%) of Haramaya city and 31(56.4%) of Harar city respondents were not aware of risk of dirt on cloth and utensil cause harm to public. Similarly, 46(83.6%) and 39(70.9%) respondent practiced raw meat consumption from Haramaya and Harar respectively and 45(81.8%) and 40 (72.7%) had no idea of health risk of uncooked meat in respective of study location. The overall prevalence S. aureus was 69 (21.2%) where it was18.9% and 25.0%in carcass and the handling environment, respectively. Of environmental samples, knife 7(23.3%) and cutting boards (26.7 %) were positive for S. aureus. Staphylococcus aureus were isolated from Haramaya and Harar XIII abattoirs 18 (17.5%) and 21(20.4%), respectively. Similarly, 17 (28.3 %) and 13 (21.7%) were isolated from Haramaya and Harar retail shops respectively. Almost in all the circumstance, no statistically significant difference (P>0.05) in the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureuswere observed.Of theS. aureus isolated, highest sensitivity towards Chloramphenicol 58(84%), Gentamycin 62(89.9%), Kanamycine 64 (92.8%) and Vancomycine 67(97.1%) were observed. In the counterpart, highly resistant pattern to Cefoxin37(53.6%), Ampicillin 48(69.6%), and Pencillin G 59(85.5%) were observed. Of total 69 isolated, 64 (92.7%) showed single to multiple of five drugs combination resistant where the majority (33.3%) showed three drugs resistant. Almost similar proportion of isolates showed resistant two drugs (20.3%) and four drugs (21.7%). One drug, two drugs, three drugs, four drugs and five drugs resistant was frequent for penicillin G (4.69%), PG AMP (10.94%), AMP-PG-CEF (18.75%), AMP-PG-CEF-ERY (7.81%) and AMP-PG GEN-ERY-CEF (3.13%), respectively. Presence of low quality of meat handling practice and community awareness on the meat hygiene was observed at Haramaya district and Harar town. This was supported by insignificant distribution of Staphylococcus aureusacross sampling locations and site. Therefore, community awareness creation on hygienic meat handling was recommended